This post was last updated on 2018-11-05
Most users know how to check the status of their CPUs, see how much system memory is free, or find out how much disk space is free. In contrast, keeping tabs on the health and status of GPUs has historically been more difficult. If you don’t know where to look, it can even be difficult to determine the type and capabilities of the GPUs in a system. Thankfully, NVIDIA’s latest hardware and software tools have made good improvements in this respect.
The tool is NVIDIA’s System Management Interface (nvidia-smi). Depending on the generation of your card, various levels of information can be gathered. Additionally, GPU configuration options (such as ECC memory capability) may be enabled and disabled.
As an aside, if you find that you’re having trouble getting your NVIDIA GPUs to run GPGPU code, nvidia-smi can be handy. For example, on some systems the proper NVIDIA devices in /dev are not created at boot. Running a simple nvidia-smi query as root will initialize all the cards and create the proper devices in /dev. Other times, it’s just useful to make sure all the GPU cards are visible and communicating properly. Here’s the default output from a recent version with four Tesla V100 GPU cards:
nvidia-smi
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 410.48 Driver Version: 410.48 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 Tesla V100-PCIE... Off | 00000000:18:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 40C P0 55W / 250W | 31194MiB / 32480MiB | 44% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 1 Tesla V100-PCIE... Off | 00000000:3B:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 40C P0 36W / 250W | 30884MiB / 32480MiB | 0% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 2 Tesla V100-PCIE... Off | 00000000:86:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 41C P0 39W / 250W | 30884MiB / 32480MiB | 0% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| 3 Tesla V100-PCIE... Off | 00000000:AF:00.0 Off | 0 |
| N/A 39C P0 37W / 250W | 30884MiB / 32480MiB | 0% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 305892 C /usr/bin/python 31181MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Persistence Mode
On Linux, you can set GPUs to persistence mode to keep the NVIDIA driver loaded even when no applications are accessing the cards. This is particularly useful when you have a series of short jobs running. Persistence mode uses a few more watts per idle GPU, but prevents the fairly long delays that occur each time a GPU application is started. It is also necessary if you’ve assigned specific clock speeds or power limits to the GPUs (as those changes are lost when the NVIDIA driver is unloaded). Enable persistence mode on all GPUS by running:
nvidia-smi -pm 1
On Windows, nvidia-smi is not able to set persistence mode. Instead, you need to set your computational GPUs to TCC mode. This should be done through NVIDIA’s graphical GPU device management panel.
GPUs supported by nvidia-smi
NVIDIA’s SMI tool supports essentially any NVIDIA GPU released since the year 2011. These include the Tesla, Quadro, and GeForce devices from Fermi and higher architecture families (Kepler, Maxwell, Pascal, Volta, etc).
Supported products include:
- Tesla:S1070, S2050, C1060, C2050/70, M2050/70/90, X2070/90, K10, K20, K20X, K40, K80, M40, P40, P100, V100
- Quadro: 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, M2070-Q, K-series, M-series, P-series, RTX-series
- GeForce:varying levels of support, with fewer metrics available than on the Tesla and Quadro products
Querying GPU Status
Microway’s GPU Test Drive cluster, which we provide as a benchmarking service to our customers, contains a group of NVIDIA’s latest Tesla GPUs. These are NVIDIA’s high-performance compute GPUs and provide a good deal of health and status information. The examples below are taken from this internal cluster.
To list all available NVIDIA devices, run:
nvidia-smi -L GPU 0: Tesla K40m (UUID: GPU-d0e093a0-c3b3-f458-5a55-6eb69fxxxxxx) GPU 1: Tesla K40m (UUID: GPU-d105b085-7239-3871-43ef-975ecaxxxxxx)
To list certain details about each GPU, try:
nvidia-smi --query-gpu=index,name,uuid,serial --format=csv 0, Tesla K40m, GPU-d0e093a0-c3b3-f458-5a55-6eb69fxxxxxx, 0323913xxxxxx 1, Tesla K40m, GPU-d105b085-7239-3871-43ef-975ecaxxxxxx, 0324214xxxxxx
To monitor overall GPU usage with 1-second update intervals:
nvidia-smi dmon
# gpu pwr gtemp mtemp sm mem enc dec mclk pclk
# Idx W C C % % % % MHz MHz
0 43 35 - 0 0 0 0 2505 1075
1 42 31 - 97 9 0 0 2505 1075
(in this example, one GPU is idle and one GPU has 97% of the CUDA sm "cores" in use)
To monitor per-process GPU usage with 1-second update intervals:
nvidia-smi pmon
# gpu pid type sm mem enc dec command
# Idx # C/G % % % % name
0 14835 C 45 15 0 0 python
1 14945 C 64 50 0 0 python
(in this case, two different python processes are running; one on each GPU)
Monitoring and Managing GPU Boost
The GPU Boost feature which NVIDIA has included with more recent GPUs allows the GPU clocks to vary depending upon load (achieving maximum performance so long as power and thermal headroom are available). However, the amount of available headroom will vary by application (and even by input file!) so users and administrators should keep their eyes on the status of the GPUs.
A listing of available clock speeds can be shown for each GPU (in this case, the Tesla V100):
nvidia-smi -q -d SUPPORTED_CLOCKS
GPU 00000000:18:00.0
Supported Clocks
Memory : 877 MHz
Graphics : 1380 MHz
Graphics : 1372 MHz
Graphics : 1365 MHz
Graphics : 1357 MHz
[...159 additional clock speeds omitted...]
Graphics : 157 MHz
Graphics : 150 MHz
Graphics : 142 MHz
Graphics : 135 MHz
As shown, the Tesla V100 GPU supports 167 different clock speeds (from 135 MHz to 1380 MHz). However, only one memory clock speed is supported (877 MHz). Some GPUs support two different memory clock speeds (one high speed and one power-saving speed). Typically, such GPUs only support a single GPU clock speed when the memory is in the power-saving speed (which is the idle GPU state). On all recent Tesla and Quadro GPUs, GPU Boost automatically manages these speeds and runs the clocks as fast as possible (within the thermal/power limits and any limits set by the administrator).
To review the current GPU clock speed, default clock speed, and maximum possible clock speed, run:
nvidia-smi -q -d CLOCK
GPU 00000000:18:00.0
Clocks
Graphics : 1230 MHz
SM : 1230 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Video : 1110 MHz
Applications Clocks
Graphics : 1230 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Default Applications Clocks
Graphics : 1230 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Max Clocks
Graphics : 1380 MHz
SM : 1380 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Video : 1237 MHz
Max Customer Boost Clocks
Graphics : 1380 MHz
SM Clock Samples
Duration : 0.01 sec
Number of Samples : 4
Max : 1230 MHz
Min : 135 MHz
Avg : 944 MHz
Memory Clock Samples
Duration : 0.01 sec
Number of Samples : 4
Max : 877 MHz
Min : 877 MHz
Avg : 877 MHz
Clock Policy
Auto Boost : N/A
Auto Boost Default : N/A
Ideally, you’d like all clocks to be running at the highest speed all the time. However, this will not be possible for all applications. To review the current state of each GPU and any reasons for clock slowdowns, use the PERFORMANCE flag:
nvidia-smi -q -d PERFORMANCE
GPU 00000000:18:00.0
Performance State : P0
Clocks Throttle Reasons
Idle : Not Active
Applications Clocks Setting : Not Active
SW Power Cap : Not Active
HW Slowdown : Not Active
HW Thermal Slowdown : Not Active
HW Power Brake Slowdown : Not Active
Sync Boost : Not Active
SW Thermal Slowdown : Not Active
Display Clock Setting : Not Active
If any of the GPU clocks is running at a slower speed, one or more of the above Clocks Throttle Reasons will be marked as active. The most concerning condition would be if HW Slowdown was active, as this would most likely indicate a power or cooling issue. The remaining conditions typically indicate that the card is idle or has been manually set into a slower mode by a system administrator.
Reviewing System/GPU Topology and NVLink with nvidia-smi
To properly take advantage of more advanced NVIDIA GPU features (such as GPU Direct), it is vital that the system topology be properly configured. The topology refers to how the various system devices (GPUs, InfiniBand HCAs, storage controllers, etc.) connect to each other and to the system’s CPUs. Certain topology types will reduce performance or even cause certain features to be unavailable. To help tackle such questions, nvidia-smi supports system topology and connectivity queries:
nvidia-smi topo --matrix
GPU0 GPU1 GPU2 GPU3 mlx4_0 CPU Affinity
GPU0 X PIX PHB PHB PHB 0-11
GPU1 PIX X PHB PHB PHB 0-11
GPU2 PHB PHB X PIX PHB 0-11
GPU3 PHB PHB PIX X PHB 0-11
mlx4_0 PHB PHB PHB PHB X
Legend:
X = Self
SOC = Path traverses a socket-level link (e.g. QPI)
PHB = Path traverses a PCIe host bridge
PXB = Path traverses multiple PCIe internal switches
PIX = Path traverses a PCIe internal switch
Reviewing this section will take some getting used to, but can be very valuable. The above configuration shows two Tesla K80 GPUs and one Mellanox FDR InfiniBand HCA (mlx4_0) all connected to the first CPU of a server. Because the CPUs are 12-core Xeons, the topology tool recommends that jobs be assigned to the first 12 CPU cores (although this will vary by application).
Higher-complexity systems require additional care in examining their configuration and capabilities. Below is the output of nvidia-smi topology for the NVIDIA DGX-1 system, which includes two 20-core CPUs, eight NVLink-connected GPUs, and four Mellanox InfiniBand adapters:
GPU0 GPU1 GPU2 GPU3 GPU4 GPU5 GPU6 GPU7 mlx5_0 mlx5_2 mlx5_1 mlx5_3 CPU Affinity GPU0 X NV1 NV1 NV2 NV2 SYS SYS SYS PIX SYS PHB SYS 0-19,40-59 GPU1 NV1 X NV2 NV1 SYS NV2 SYS SYS PIX SYS PHB SYS 0-19,40-59 GPU2 NV1 NV2 X NV2 SYS SYS NV1 SYS PHB SYS PIX SYS 0-19,40-59 GPU3 NV2 NV1 NV2 X SYS SYS SYS NV1 PHB SYS PIX SYS 0-19,40-59 GPU4 NV2 SYS SYS SYS X NV1 NV1 NV2 SYS PIX SYS PHB 20-39,60-79 GPU5 SYS NV2 SYS SYS NV1 X NV2 NV1 SYS PIX SYS PHB 20-39,60-79 GPU6 SYS SYS NV1 SYS NV1 NV2 X NV2 SYS PHB SYS PIX 20-39,60-79 GPU7 SYS SYS SYS NV1 NV2 NV1 NV2 X SYS PHB SYS PIX 20-39,60-79 mlx5_0 PIX PIX PHB PHB SYS SYS SYS SYS X SYS PHB SYS mlx5_2 SYS SYS SYS SYS PIX PIX PHB PHB SYS X SYS PHB mlx5_1 PHB PHB PIX PIX SYS SYS SYS SYS PHB SYS X SYS mlx5_3 SYS SYS SYS SYS PHB PHB PIX PIX SYS PHB SYS X Legend: X = Self SYS = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the SMP interconnect between NUMA nodes (e.g., QPI/UPI) NODE = Connection traversing PCIe as well as the interconnect between PCIe Host Bridges within a NUMA node PHB = Connection traversing PCIe as well as a PCIe Host Bridge (typically the CPU) PXB = Connection traversing multiple PCIe switches (without traversing the PCIe Host Bridge) PIX = Connection traversing a single PCIe switch NV# = Connection traversing a bonded set of # NVLinks
The NVLink connections themselves can also be queried to ensure status, capability, and health. Readers are encouraged to consult NVIDIA documentation to better understand the specifics. Short summaries from nvidia-smi on DGX-1 are shown below.
nvidia-smi nvlink --status
GPU 0: Tesla V100-SXM2-32GB
Link 0: 25.781 GB/s
Link 1: 25.781 GB/s
Link 2: 25.781 GB/s
Link 3: 25.781 GB/s
Link 4: 25.781 GB/s
Link 5: 25.781 GB/s
[snip]
GPU 7: Tesla V100-SXM2-32GB
Link 0: 25.781 GB/s
Link 1: 25.781 GB/s
Link 2: 25.781 GB/s
Link 3: 25.781 GB/s
Link 4: 25.781 GB/s
Link 5: 25.781 GB/s
nvidia-smi nvlink --capabilities
GPU 0: Tesla V100-SXM2-32GB
Link 0, P2P is supported: true
Link 0, Access to system memory supported: true
Link 0, P2P atomics supported: true
Link 0, System memory atomics supported: true
Link 0, SLI is supported: false
Link 0, Link is supported: false
[snip]
Link 5, P2P is supported: true
Link 5, Access to system memory supported: true
Link 5, P2P atomics supported: true
Link 5, System memory atomics supported: true
Link 5, SLI is supported: false
Link 5, Link is supported: false
Get in touch with one of our HPC GPU experts if you have questions on these topics.
Printing all GPU Details
To list all available data on a particular GPU, specify the ID of the card with -i. Here’s the output from an older Tesla GPU card:
nvidia-smi -i 0 -q
==============NVSMI LOG==============
Timestamp : Mon Dec 5 22:05:49 2011
Driver Version : 270.41.19
Attached GPUs : 2
GPU 0:2:0
Product Name : Tesla M2090
Display Mode : Disabled
Persistence Mode : Disabled
Driver Model
Current : N/A
Pending : N/A
Serial Number : 032251100xxxx
GPU UUID : GPU-2b1486407f70xxxx-98bdxxxx-660cxxxx-1d6cxxxx-9fbd7e7cd9bf55a7cfb2xxxx
Inforom Version
OEM Object : 1.1
ECC Object : 2.0
Power Management Object : 4.0
PCI
Bus : 2
Device : 0
Domain : 0
Device Id : 109110DE
Bus Id : 0:2:0
Fan Speed : N/A
Memory Usage
Total : 5375 Mb
Used : 9 Mb
Free : 5365 Mb
Compute Mode : Default
Utilization
Gpu : 0 %
Memory : 0 %
Ecc Mode
Current : Enabled
Pending : Enabled
ECC Errors
Volatile
Single Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Total : 0
Double Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Total : 0
Aggregate
Single Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Total : 0
Double Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Total : 0
Temperature
Gpu : N/A
Power Readings
Power State : P12
Power Management : Supported
Power Draw : 31.57 W
Power Limit : 225 W
Clocks
Graphics : 50 MHz
SM : 100 MHz
Memory : 135 MHz
The above example shows an idle card. Here is an excerpt for a card running GPU-accelerated AMBER:
nvidia-smi -i 0 -q -d MEMORY,UTILIZATION,POWER,CLOCK,COMPUTE
==============NVSMI LOG==============
Timestamp : Mon Dec 5 22:32:00 2011
Driver Version : 270.41.19
Attached GPUs : 2
GPU 0:2:0
Memory Usage
Total : 5375 Mb
Used : 1904 Mb
Free : 3470 Mb
Compute Mode : Default
Utilization
Gpu : 67 %
Memory : 42 %
Power Readings
Power State : P0
Power Management : Supported
Power Draw : 109.83 W
Power Limit : 225 W
Clocks
Graphics : 650 MHz
SM : 1301 MHz
Memory : 1848 MHz
You’ll notice that unfortunately the earlier M-series passively-cooled Tesla GPUs do not report temperatures to nvidia-smi. More recent Quadro and Tesla GPUs support a greater quantity of metrics data:
==============NVSMI LOG==============
Timestamp : Mon Nov 5 14:50:59 2018
Driver Version : 410.48
Attached GPUs : 4
GPU 00000000:18:00.0
Product Name : Tesla V100-PCIE-32GB
Product Brand : Tesla
Display Mode : Enabled
Display Active : Disabled
Persistence Mode : Disabled
Accounting Mode : Disabled
Accounting Mode Buffer Size : 4000
Driver Model
Current : N/A
Pending : N/A
Serial Number : 032161808xxxx
GPU UUID : GPU-4965xxxx-79e3-7941-12cb-1dfe9c53xxxx
Minor Number : 0
VBIOS Version : 88.00.48.00.02
MultiGPU Board : No
Board ID : 0x1800
GPU Part Number : 900-2G500-0010-000
Inforom Version
Image Version : G500.0202.00.02
OEM Object : 1.1
ECC Object : 5.0
Power Management Object : N/A
GPU Operation Mode
Current : N/A
Pending : N/A
GPU Virtualization Mode
Virtualization mode : None
IBMNPU
Relaxed Ordering Mode : N/A
PCI
Bus : 0x18
Device : 0x00
Domain : 0x0000
Device Id : 0x1DB610DE
Bus Id : 00000000:18:00.0
Sub System Id : 0x124A10DE
GPU Link Info
PCIe Generation
Max : 3
Current : 3
Link Width
Max : 16x
Current : 16x
Bridge Chip
Type : N/A
Firmware : N/A
Replays since reset : 0
Tx Throughput : 31000 KB/s
Rx Throughput : 155000 KB/s
Fan Speed : N/A
Performance State : P0
Clocks Throttle Reasons
Idle : Not Active
Applications Clocks Setting : Not Active
SW Power Cap : Not Active
HW Slowdown : Not Active
HW Thermal Slowdown : Not Active
HW Power Brake Slowdown : Not Active
Sync Boost : Not Active
SW Thermal Slowdown : Not Active
Display Clock Setting : Not Active
FB Memory Usage
Total : 32480 MiB
Used : 31194 MiB
Free : 1286 MiB
BAR1 Memory Usage
Total : 32768 MiB
Used : 8 MiB
Free : 32760 MiB
Compute Mode : Default
Utilization
Gpu : 44 %
Memory : 4 %
Encoder : 0 %
Decoder : 0 %
Encoder Stats
Active Sessions : 0
Average FPS : 0
Average Latency : 0
FBC Stats
Active Sessions : 0
Average FPS : 0
Average Latency : 0
Ecc Mode
Current : Enabled
Pending : Enabled
ECC Errors
Volatile
Single Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : N/A
Total : 0
Double Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : 0
Total : 0
Aggregate
Single Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : N/A
Total : 0
Double Bit
Device Memory : 0
Register File : 0
L1 Cache : 0
L2 Cache : 0
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : 0
Total : 0
Retired Pages
Single Bit ECC : 0
Double Bit ECC : 0
Pending : No
Temperature
GPU Current Temp : 40 C
GPU Shutdown Temp : 90 C
GPU Slowdown Temp : 87 C
GPU Max Operating Temp : 83 C
Memory Current Temp : 39 C
Memory Max Operating Temp : 85 C
Power Readings
Power Management : Supported
Power Draw : 58.81 W
Power Limit : 250.00 W
Default Power Limit : 250.00 W
Enforced Power Limit : 250.00 W
Min Power Limit : 100.00 W
Max Power Limit : 250.00 W
Clocks
Graphics : 1380 MHz
SM : 1380 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Video : 1237 MHz
Applications Clocks
Graphics : 1230 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Default Applications Clocks
Graphics : 1230 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Max Clocks
Graphics : 1380 MHz
SM : 1380 MHz
Memory : 877 MHz
Video : 1237 MHz
Max Customer Boost Clocks
Graphics : 1380 MHz
Clock Policy
Auto Boost : N/A
Auto Boost Default : N/A
Processes
Process ID : 315406
Type : C
Name : /usr/bin/python
Used GPU Memory : 31181 MiB
Additional nvidia-smi options
Of course, we haven’t covered all the possible uses of the nvidia-smi tool. To read the full list of options, run nvidia-smi -h (it’s fairly lengthy). Some of the sub-commands have their own help section. If you need to change settings on your cards, you’ll want to look at the device modification section:
-pm, --persistence-mode= Set persistence mode: 0/DISABLED, 1/ENABLED
-e, --ecc-config= Toggle ECC support: 0/DISABLED, 1/ENABLED
-p, --reset-ecc-errors= Reset ECC error counts: 0/VOLATILE, 1/AGGREGATE
-c, --compute-mode= Set MODE for compute applications:
0/DEFAULT, 1/EXCLUSIVE_PROCESS,
2/PROHIBITED
--gom= Set GPU Operation Mode:
0/ALL_ON, 1/COMPUTE, 2/LOW_DP
-r --gpu-reset Trigger reset of the GPU.
Can be used to reset the GPU HW state in situations
that would otherwise require a machine reboot.
Typically useful if a double bit ECC error has
occurred.
Reset operations are not guarenteed to work in
all cases and should be used with caution.
-vm --virt-mode= Switch GPU Virtualization Mode:
Sets GPU virtualization mode to 3/VGPU or 4/VSGA
Virtualization mode of a GPU can only be set when
it is running on a hypervisor.
-lgc --lock-gpu-clocks= Specifies clocks as a
pair (e.g. 1500,1500) that defines the range
of desired locked GPU clock speed in MHz.
Setting this will supercede application clocks
and take effect regardless if an app is running.
Input can also be a singular desired clock value
(e.g. ).
-rgc --reset-gpu-clocks
Resets the Gpu clocks to the default values.
-ac --applications-clocks= Specifies clocks as a
pair (e.g. 2000,800) that defines GPU's
speed in MHz while running applications on a GPU.
-rac --reset-applications-clocks
Resets the applications clocks to the default values.
-acp --applications-clocks-permission=
Toggles permission requirements for -ac and -rac commands:
0/UNRESTRICTED, 1/RESTRICTED
-pl --power-limit= Specifies maximum power management limit in watts.
-am --accounting-mode= Enable or disable Accounting Mode: 0/DISABLED, 1/ENABLED
-caa --clear-accounted-apps
Clears all the accounted PIDs in the buffer.
--auto-boost-default= Set the default auto boost policy to 0/DISABLED
or 1/ENABLED, enforcing the change only after the
last boost client has exited.
--auto-boost-permission=
Allow non-admin/root control over auto boost mode:
0/UNRESTRICTED, 1/RESTRICTED
nvidia-smi dmon -h
GPU statistics are displayed in scrolling format with one line
per sampling interval. Metrics to be monitored can be adjusted
based on the width of terminal window. Monitoring is limited to
a maximum of 4 devices. If no devices are specified, then up to
first 4 supported devices under natural enumeration (starting
with GPU index 0) are used for monitoring purpose.
It is supported on Tesla, GRID, Quadro and limited GeForce products
for Kepler or newer GPUs under x64 and ppc64 bare metal Linux.
Usage: nvidia-smi dmon [options]
Options include:
[-i | --id]: Comma separated Enumeration index, PCI bus ID or UUID
[-d | --delay]: Collection delay/interval in seconds [default=1sec]
[-c | --count]: Collect specified number of samples and exit
[-s | --select]: One or more metrics [default=puc]
Can be any of the following:
p - Power Usage and Temperature
u - Utilization
c - Proc and Mem Clocks
v - Power and Thermal Violations
m - FB and Bar1 Memory
e - ECC Errors and PCIe Replay errors
t - PCIe Rx and Tx Throughput
[-o | --options]: One or more from the following:
D - Include Date (YYYYMMDD) in scrolling output
T - Include Time (HH:MM:SS) in scrolling output
[-f | --filename]: Log to a specified file, rather than to stdout
nvidia-smi topo -h
topo -- Display topological information about the system.
Usage: nvidia-smi topo [options]
Options include:
[-m | --matrix]: Display the GPUDirect communication matrix for the system.
[-mp | --matrix_pci]: Display the GPUDirect communication matrix for the system (PCI Only).
[-i | --id]: Enumeration index, PCI bus ID or UUID. Provide comma
separated values for more than one device
Must be used in conjuction with -n or -p.
[-c | --cpu]: CPU number for which to display all GPUs with an affinity.
[-n | --nearest_gpus]: Display the nearest GPUs for a given traversal path.
0 = a single PCIe switch on a dual GPU board
1 = a single PCIe switch
2 = multiple PCIe switches
3 = a PCIe host bridge
4 = an on-CPU interconnect link between PCIe host bridges
5 = an SMP interconnect link between NUMA nodes
Used in conjunction with -i which must be a single device ID.
[-p | --gpu_path]: Display the most direct path traversal for a pair of GPUs.
Used in conjunction with -i which must be a pair of device IDs.
[-p2p | --p2pstatus]: Displays the p2p status between the GPUs of a given p2p capability
r - p2p read capabiity
w - p2p write capability
n - p2p nvlink capability
a - p2p atomics capability
p - p2p prop capability
Information on additional tools
With this tool, checking the status and health of NVIDIA GPUs is simple. If you’re looking to monitor the cards over time, then nvidia-smi might be more resource-intensive than you’d like. For that, have a look at the API available from NVIDIA’s GPU Management Library (NVML), which offers C, Perl and Python bindings.
There are also tools purpose-built for larger-scale health monitoring and validation. When managing a group or cluster of GPU-accelerated systems, administrators should consider NVIDIA Datacenter GPU Manager (DCGM) and/or Bright Cluster Manager.
Given the popularity of GPUs, most popular open-source tools also include support for monitoring GPUs. Examples include Ganglia, Telegraf, collectd, and Diamond.
